01 Japanese History

#24 The Momoyama Culture


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A wealthy and powerful culture emerged in the war-torn country, reflecting the spirit of warring feudal lords and wealthy urban merchants. It is called the Momoyama Culture after the name of the area around Fushimi Castle, which Hideyoshi built in Kyoto.

戦国武将や裕福な豪商の気風を反映した豪華で力強い文化が、戦乱の世に現れました。秀吉が京都に建てた伏見城のあたりの地名から「桃山文化」と呼ばれています。

There are only 12 castles with a castle tower still in existence in Japan. Himeji Castle in Hyogo Prefecture, also called White Heron Castle because of its beautiful white exterior, is a good example. It was registered as a World Heritage site in 1993.

日本には現存の天守閣を持つ城は12しかありません。外壁の美しさから「白鷺城」とも呼ばれる兵庫県の姫路城はその代表です。1993年には世界遺産に登録されました。

The halls of these castles were decorated with gorgeously colored folding screens and “fusuma-e”, or sliding door paintings. The “Chinese Lion” by Kano Eitoku is a typical example.

そういった城の大広間は豪華絢爛な襖絵で飾られました。狩野永徳による「唐獅子図屏風」はその典型です。

On the other hand, Noh plays and tea ceremonies, which sought a deeper philosophy away from the noise, also flourished. Sen no Rikyu developed the tea ceremony, in which people could communicate intimately in a small tea room.

その一方で、喧騒からのがれ深い味わいを追求する能楽や茶の湯も盛んとなりました。千利休は小さな茶室で心を通わせる茶の湯を発展させました。

European culture brought by missionaries and merchants also had a significant impact on Japan. The Japanese people of that time called the Portuguese and Spaniards who came to Japan via Southeast Asia “Nanban,” and thus this European culture is called Nanban culture.

宣教師や商人によってもたらされたヨーロッパの文化も日本に大きな影響を与えました。当時の日本人は東南アジアを経由してやってくるポルトガル人やスペイン人を「南蛮」とよびました。そのためこのヨーロッパ文化は「南蛮文化」と呼ばれています。

In this painting of the arrival of the Nanban people by Kano Naizen he depicts the Nanban ships and their crews, the unloading of cargo, and Portuguese missionaries.

狩野内善による南蛮渡来図には南蛮船とその乗組員や荷降ろしの様子、宣教師が描かれています。

It is interesting that everyone’s pants are puffy like balloons. Nobunaga liked the Westerners’ style of dress.

みんな風船みたいにふくらんだズボンをはいていて面白いですね。信長も西洋の衣服を好んだそうです。

The missionaries brought Western theology, philosophy, music, and painting, as well as practical studies such as mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, to Japan.

宣教師たちは西洋の神学、哲学、音楽や絵画、また、数学、天文学、医学などの実用的な学問を日本にもたらしました。

In addition, words derived from Portuguese, such as “karuta”, or cards, “tabako”, or tobacco, “pan”, or bread, “kasutera”, or sponge cake, “botan”, or button, “manto”, or cloak, and “koppu”, or cup, permeated widely and became common vocabulary and are still used as Japanese words today.

それから、「カルタ」「タバコ」「パン」「カステラ」「ボタン」「マント」「コップ」のようなポルトガル語由来の語彙が広まり、現在でも日本語として使われています。


Thank you for reading.

Let's learn about wonderful history and culture of Japan together!  全国通訳案内士(英語) 英検1級

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