01 Japanese History

#22 NOBUNAGA, Charisma of Japanese history


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In the late 16th century, a charismatic figure emerged in the Sengoku period. Oda Nobunaga.

16世紀の後半、戦国時代のカリスマが登場しました。織田信長です。

Oda Nobunaga was a feudal lord in the relatively small Owari region (present-day Aichi Prefecture). When he was young, he was called an “Idiot”. He was regarded as an eccentric who lacked common sense.

織田信長は比較的小さな尾張(現在の愛知県)の戦国大名です。若い頃は「うつけもの」と呼ばれ、常識のない変わり者と思われていたようです。

It was at the Battle of Okehazama that Nobunaga made his name known throughout Japan. He used his superior strategy to defeat Imagawa Yoshimoto of Suruga (Shizuoka Prefecture) with only a small force. Nobunaga then entered Kyoto in 1573, ousted the Shogun, and destroyed the Muromachi Shogunate.

信長がその名を世に知らしめたのが桶狭間の戦いでした。彼は卓越した戦術によって少ない兵力で駿河(静岡県)の今川義元を打ち破ったのです。信長はその後1573年に京へ上り、将軍を追い出して室町幕府を滅亡させました。

Nobunaga’s name was at its peak by the Battle of Nagashino in 1575. Nobunaga allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu and successfully used his artillery to defeat the forces of Takeda, which was said to be the strongest in the Sengoku period. Movie director Akira Kurosawa depicted this battle in his movie “Kagemusha.”

1575年の長篠の戦いで彼の名声は世に響き渡りました。徳川家康と連合し、当時戦国最強と呼ばれた武田軍を、鉄砲隊を活用して打倒したのです。黒澤明監督の映画『影武者』でこの戦いが描かれています。

Nobunaga’s slogan was “Tenka Fubu,” which means ruling the whole country by force of arms. He attacked the Buddhist temples without mercy. He burned down Enryaku-Ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, which refused to listen to him and surrendered Honganji Temple in Osaka.

信長のスローガンは「天下布武」です。武力によって天下を統一するという意味がこめられています。彼は仏教寺院も容赦なく攻撃しました。言うことを聞かない比叡山延暦寺を焼き討ちし、大阪の本願寺も降伏させました。

Nobunaga built the magnificent Azuchi Castle on the shore of Lake Biwa and made it his base for unifying the country. In the castle town, he allowed merchants to operate freely, developed commerce and industry, and succeeded in economically weakening the existing aristocracy and the power of temples and shrines.

信長は琵琶湖の湖畔に壮麗な安土城を築き天下統一の基盤としました。城下町では商人たちに自由な営業を許可し、商工業を発展させました。そして既存の貴族や寺社を経済的に弱体化することに成功しました。

He was highly interested in foreign cultures. He protected Christianity and valued the scientific knowledge brought by Europeans. He was also said to have taken a liking to a black man brought to Japan by the missionary, whom he named Yasuke and kept by his side at all times.

彼は海外の文化に関心を持ち、キリスト教を保護し、ヨーロッパ人がもたらす科学的な知識を取り入れていました。彼はまた、宣教師が連れてきた黒人を気に入って弥助と名付け、常にそばに置いたと言われています。

His life came to a shocking end in 1582 when his vassal Akechi Mitsuhide suddenly revolted. Nobunaga was caught by surprise at Honnoji Temple in Kyoto, where he died.

彼の生涯は1582年、ショッキングな終わりを迎えました。家臣の明智光秀が突然反旗を翻したのです。不意を突かれた信長は、京都の本能寺でその生涯を終えました。

The project of unifying Japan was then taken over by his other vassal Hashiba Hideyoshi, who later became known as Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

天下統一の事業は羽柴秀吉、後に豊臣秀吉として知られる別の家臣によって引き継がれることになりました。


Thank you for reading.

Let's learn about wonderful history and culture of Japan together!  全国通訳案内士(英語) 英検1級

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